Friday, May 7, 2010

Absent:
Samkit
Rahul
Far too many to enumerate were late

In-Class Activity:
1) A Thousand Splendid Suns test

Homework:
1) I still need the following books from the following students:
Grey textbook
Allie
Jolly
Samkit

No Way Out
Allie
Ponk

A Thousand Splendid Suns
Nuly
Sarah
Samkit
Rahul
Tip

You may come by to have me sign your senior sign-out sheet as soon as you have returned all of your books. I located the books for everyone who told me today that they gave me the books earlier.

We will have class next week, but it will be very casual. I look forward to seeing all of you who come. :)

Reminder test tomorrow

Reminder: you have a test over A Thousand Splendid Suns on Friday. As there are no AP exams on Friday, if you miss school to study for an AP exam (or any other reason other than illness), your absence is unexcused and your test will be penalized.

Tuesday, May 4, 2010

Absent:
Ken
Allie
Perada
Jolly
Samkit
Peace
Matt
Kyle
Catherine (late)
May (late)
Wanissa (late)
Rahul
Yongwoon

In-Class Activities:
1) Quiz - extra credit only - may not be made up
2) Distribute handouts for part 3
3) Independent learning time

Homework:
1) Test on Thousand Splendid Sun (entire book) on Friday
2) Please return your books as soon as possible

Friday, April 30, 2010

Absent:

In-Class Activities:
1) Six word memoirs

Homework:
1) Finish part 3 of A Thousand Splendid Suns for Tuesday
2) Test on A Thousand Splendid Suns on Friday May 7

Books needed:

I need big grey textbooks from the following students:
Allie
Jolly
Nuly
Catherine
Ken
Mambo
Sarah
Ponk
Samkit
Peace
YongWoon
Jung
May
Wanissa
Up
Top
Tip
Bank
Mint

I need No Way Out from the following students:
Allie
Kyle
Jolly
Ponk
Matt
Samkit
YongWoon
May
Up
Tip
Bank
Mint

You may return these books at any time in the next week.

Tuesday, April 27, 2010

Absent:
Jung
Top
Nuly
Allie (nurse)
Samkit (late)
Rahul (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Quiz on part 2 of A Thousand Splendid Suns
2) Oscar & Lucinda

Homework:
1) Finish part 3 of the book for Monday
2) Vocab test on Thursday, units 13 - 15

Thursday, April 22, 2010

Absent:
Sarah (late)
Catherine (late)
Samkit (late)
Matt (late)
Peace (late)
Rahul (late)
Mae (late)
Allie
Up

In-Class Activities:
1) Finish discussion questions on Thousand Splendid Suns, part 1
2) Short video clip from CNN on women in Afghanistan
3) Vocab - go over answers to unit 15
4) Vocab review questions
5) Begin Oscar & Lucinda (12:26)

Homework:
1) Vocab test units 13-15 next week
2) Reading for next Tuesday - finish part 2 & questions

Tuesday, April 20, 2010

Late and in big trouble:
Allie (late)
Nuly (late)
Perada (late)
Ponkk (late)
Mae (late)
Wanissa (late)
Rahul (late)
Lily (late)

Absent:
Kyle (absent)

In Class Activities:
1) Quiz
2) Powerpoint on Afghanistan with background for novel
3) Questions on A Thousand Splendid Suns.

Homework:
1) Vocab unit 15 due Thursday
2) Read to p. 207 and do questions for next Tuesday
3) Vocab test units 13-15 on April 29

Reading questions for A Thousand Splendid Suns

Here are the questions for your reading (up to p. 111 or through the end of chapter 15) in A Thousand Splendid Suns.

The following is a tentative schedule of reading & tests for the remainder of the school year. This schedule takes the place of any other schedules that I have given you.

If you have an AP exam on a day that is listed as a test day below, please make arrangements to make up the test with me.

According to this schedule, you will have three more tests this year.

Reading Schedule for A Thousand Splendid Suns
Date - Page
Apr 20 - page 111
Apr 27 - page 207
May 4 - page 312
May 10 - end, test on book

Vocabulary Schedule
Date - Activity
Apr 22 - unit 15 due
Apr 29 - test on units 13 - 15 (tentative - I'm thinking of canceling this and just having the May 7 test)
May 7 - vocab 2nd semester test

Please check this website after Sunday night for reading questions for A Thousand Splendid Suns.

Thursday, April 8, 2010

Absent:
Mambo
Allie (late)
Perada (late)
Nuly (late)
Ponk (late)
Ken (late)
Jung (late)

In-Class:
1) Return papers. Distribute grade sheets for research paper so far.
2) Movie about Afghanistan to prepare to read A Thousand Splendid Sons.

Homework:
1) Paper for Friday. Please turn in hard copy and to turnitin.com
2) Turn in all papers that have been returned to you with your paper. This means turn in everything that I have written on. Clip it all together or put it in a folder.
3) Here are some things you are still having problems with overall - Book titles in italics, putting the punctuation in the right place with parenthetical citations, verb tense, clear thesis statement, making sure ideas are relevant to thesis statement, general grammar issues
4) Read A Thousand Splendid Suns to page 111 for first day back of class.
5) Please check back early next week. I will post the dates for the entire book and some study questions.

Monday, April 5, 2010

I did not hand back rough drafts today because I couldn't find eight hours this weekend to read them all. We will go over them in class. I will give you the self-evaluation paper in class also.

Friday, April 2, 2010

Absent:
Nuly (late)
Sarah (late)
Jung (late)

In-Class Activity:
1) Vocab quiz unit 14
2) Distribute A Thousand Splendid Suns

Homework:
1) Work on final draft. I'll try to return your rough drafts on Monday.
2) Check website on Sunday or Monday for a self-evaluation paper.
3) Final draft due next Friday. Please see me or email me with any questions.

Congrats, Matt!!!

Way to go, Matt! First rough draft submitted for your class. Any words of advice for your classmates?

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Attendance:
All present

In-Class Activities:
1) Go to computer lab in library and work work work

Homework:
1) Finish entire rough draft for Friday. Turn in a hard copy of all of your work including introduction, summary, research, body, and conclusion. It should all be in MLA style. Also turn it in to turnitin.com.
2) Vocabulary quiz on Friday - unit 14.

Some websites with proofreading tips

These pages from OWL might help you with your final proofreading.

Where do I begin?

Finding common errors

Revising for cohesion

Tuesday, March 30, 2010

Bring your work to school tomorrow (Wednesday) and we'll go to the computer lab to work on your rough draft.

Absent:
Shirley
Jung
Catherine
Mambo (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Individual conferences on research papers and progress
2) Students work on "Improving Paragraphs" and "Check Your Openings" (neither available online)

Homework:
1) Body of paper due Friday
2) Vocab quiz Thursday, unit 14

Due on Monday, March 29

Your outline is due on Monday, March 29, both to turnitin.com and a hard copy.

The format for the outline is here.

The outline is to help you organize your ideas. It includes spots for you to work specifically on your transitions.

The pdf document for the outline has got yellow spots on it that say, "Click here to enter text." Wherever there is a yellow spot, that is information that you need to fill in, but you really cannot click to enter the text on that document. You should reproduce that document as best you can. I tried to post an editable word document, but I could not get it to upload. Perhaps one of you will create the basic format and will share it via email to your classmates.

Remember - turnitin.com and hard copy on Monday. The assignment has now been added to turnitin.com (Satuday night).

If you would like to turn in your paper early, you can turn it in on Friday for 2% bonus points. I will be posting final requirements later in the weekend. Please check back here Sunday afternoon/evening for specifics on the final product.

Intro due on Friday

Please remember while you are off having fun that your introduction is due today - FRIDAY - to both turnitin.com and as a hard copy to school.

Thanks to all of you who got all of this in before having your fun :)

Speaking of which, have fun.

Wednesday, March 23, 2010

Absent:
Mary
Ramon (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Review answers to unit 14 vocabulary
2) Writing an introduction
3) Write your introduction

Homework:
1) Write your introduction. Due Friday to turnitin.com and hard copy.
2) Conclusion IS NOT DUE Friday
3) Vocab quiz unit 14 April 2

Tuesday, March 23, 2010

Absent:
None

In-Class Activities:
1) Vocab quiz
2) Peer conferences about research draft. Read your paper to a buddy. Fix any obvious mistakes. Ask the question, "How does the research relate to the thesis?" Mrs. Robin answers questions.

Homework:
1) Vocab unit 14
2) Work on introduction due Friday. (Conclusion is NOT DUE Friday).
3) Continue working on your overall paper. Make revisions to summary & research as necessary. Start working on your body paragraphs as you have time.

Friday, March 19, 2010

Attendance:
Allie (play)
Nuly (play)
Lily (play)
Matt (play)
Bank (play)
Kyle (play)
May (play)
Jung (absent)

In-Class Activities:
1) Complete worksheet on using commas
2) Time for research

Homework:
1) Please see schedule for work due on MONDAY (even if you don't have class)
2) Please complete comma worksheet for class on Tuesday
3) Vocab quiz unit 13 on Tuesday (delayed from today)

Wedneday, March 16, 2010

Absent:
Mambo

In-Class Activities:
1) Library - research
2) Discuss thesis statements in individual conferences

Homework:
1) See schedule - due on Monday - 1) Rough draft of research (approximately one page of written rough draft) in MLA format with citations - hard copy and to turnitin.com 2) notes - hard copy and turnitin.com (There are specific directions on how to take notes on this handout that I gave out early last week. Please read it carefully and follow the directions.)
2) Vocab quiz on Friday. Unit 13.
3) Bring your participation points on Friday. Count them and staple them. Turn them in so that I can give you credit.
4) If during our thesis conference today I asked you to work on your thesis for Friday, please do so and turn it in on Friday.

Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Absent:
Tip
Top
Wanissa

In-Class Activities:
1) Review guidelines for papers/summaries

Directions for world lit paper

View more presentations from MrsRobin.

2) Peer edit a thesis from the other class
3) Edit your own thesis
4) Return summaries

Homework:
1) Vocab quiz unit 13 on Friday
2) Continue to work on research & assignments as listed in the schedule for the research paper
3) We will go to the library on Wednesday to do research. If you find any good websites about the topic, please email them to me and I'll put a link on our blog.

No School, but thesis still due

Your thesis & No Way Out summary are both still due tomorrow. Please bring me a hard copy for Tuesday. (Sorry, I posted something incorrectly earlier today.)

Please submit your work to turnitin.com by what would be your classtime tomorrow. If you do not (or cannot) use turnitin.com, you will lose points. You should still email me your work.

Please check tomorrow night if school is canceled again. We must get through this work, and we can do it online. Skype class. Or tweet class. 1 participation point = 1 tweet.

Thesis statement

Here's a resource that might help you with your thesis statement.

Wednesday, March 10, 2010

Absent:
Mae
Jung
Perada

In-Class Activities
1) Review of research paper requirements (will be posted later)
2) Discussion of chapter 9 of No Way Out
3) Test

Homework:
1) Vocab unit 13 quiz moved to Thursday, March 18
2) Work on research paper according to schedule (first deadline = Monday 3/15)
Summary of No Way Out to turnitin.com AND as a hard copy
2) Thesis statement due - turnitin.com AND hard copy
These are due to turnitin.com by your classtime on Monday if there is school or not. Work not submitted both in hard copy and to turnitin.com will loose points.

4) Here is the schedule for the paper (Sorry, the size is a bit funny)
5) Here are the directions for taking notes

Answers to 1st OWL MLA worksheet

The OWL MLA worksheet answers seem to be making the website freeze. You should be able to check your answers against the OWL Purdue website and here are the answers very quickly.

4. Builds credibility/Protects against plagiarism
5. Times New Roman, 12 point
6. 1 inch margins
7. Use italics for book titles.
8. Upper left corner = list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date
10. Info in parenthetical citations is dependent on the source medium & the source’s entry in the works cited page
11. The author’s name can go in the text or in a parenthetical citation.
12. The page number must go in the parenthetical citation.
13. The in-text or parenthetical citation gives enough information so that the reader can find the entry in the works cited page. It allows the reader to look for more information.
14. You use a shortened form of the title.
15. You put double quotation marks around it.
16. You include the author’s name and the page number. It corresponds to the works cited entry.
17. [Brackets]
18. . . .
19. 1 inch margins
20. Works Cited should be centered. No special formatting. No bold, underline or italics are needed.
21. Do not skip lines between entries.
22. Use a hanging indent or reverse indent in which the first line is five lines OUT from the subsequent lines.
23. Print or web are the most common mediums of publication. Film, cd-rom, and DVD are some other mediums of publication.
24. No.
25. Shorter works go in “quotation marks.”
26. Names are listed alphabetically.
27. Alphabetize by the title if you do not have an author’s name.
28. Include as much information as you can find.
29. The Internet is constantly changing.
30. Yes.
31. Purdue University’s OWL website.

Monday, March 8, 2010

Absent:
Mae
Wanissa
Samkit (late - college fair)
Mambo (late - college fair)
Mary (late - college fair)
Perada (late - college fair)
Rahul (late - college fair)

In-Class Activities:
1) Return work. Distribute missing work reports. All late or missing work is due by Thursday, March 11, 2010. Please set a time with Mrs. Robin to make up any missing quizzes. Wednesday after school is a great time to make up missing quizzes or work.
2) Review punctuation and quotations. Exercises. (This is a new and clearer powerpoint below #4.)
3) Thesis statement exercises. (quick review of Friday)
4) No Way Out chapter 9 discussion

Punctuation And Quotations

Homework:
1) Worksheet "Is it Plagiarism Yet?" I did not hand out this worksheet. You must print it or write out your answers.
2) Test on Wednesday, March 10, covering No Way Out and all MLA, thesis statement, summarizing, quotes & punctuation, etc.... The only document that the answers are not online for is the first OWL/MLA document. I will try to get those answers online tonight, but even if I do not, it will still be covered on your test. Material covered goes back as far as January 28.

Reminder about test on Wednesday, March 10

Reminder - you will have a test over No Way Out and the information we have covered as far as MLA style, plagiarism, quotations, etc... on Wednesday, March 10, as the schedule said. We have gone over and over this information many times. The MLA style, plagiarism, etc... part is all available on the blog. I will not ask any questions that are not covered in the powerpoints on the blog, but you may be asked to apply the information as well as know it.

Friday, March 5, 2010

Absent:
Wanissa
Mambo

In-Class Activities:
1) Discussion of No Way Out, chapter 8, student directed toward important passages
2) Powerpoint about thesis statements. Complete worksheet (fill-in-the-blanks from powerpoint).

Thesis Statements

View more presentations from MrsRobin.

Homework:
1) None - carnival tomorrow.

Wednesday, March 3, 2010

Absent:
Kyle
Mambo
YongWoon
Perada (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Punctuation and quotations

Punctuation And Quotations

View more presentations from MrsRobin.

2) Quick quiz on punctuation and quotations (you do not need to make this up if you were absent)
3) Vocab -go over answers to unit 13

Homework:
1) List important passages in chapters 8 & 9 of No Way Out (maybe 5-10)

Dates for spring 2010

Here is a tentative list of dates for announced quizzes, tests and your research paper. Please also pay attention in class as there may be changes.

Wednesday, February 25, 2010

Absent:
Mambo

In-Class Activities:
1) Go to computer lab. Complete OWL/MLA Worksheet.
2) Vocab test on units 10-12.

Homework:
1) Finish No Way Out
2) Vocab unit 13 due next Wednesday

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Absent:
Jung
Rahul

In-Class Activities:
1) Brainstorm about how secondary characters demonstrated no way out
2) Work through chapters 6 & 7 in groups. Write important passages on poster paper.

Homework:
1) Vocab test on Units 10-12 on Thursday

Friday, Februray 19, 2010

Absent:
Tip
Top

In-Class Acitivities:
1) Worksheet on identifying passages in chapter 5

Homework:
1) Let's be real - the only reason you are here is to see, "No homework."

Thursday, February 18, 2010

Absent:
Allie
Ponk
Jung
Mambo (nurse)

In-Class Activities:
1) Finish worksheet on chapter 4
2) Quiz - 20 minutes to write about how the story fits the title No Way Out. You may use your book.
3) Vocabulary review activities - unit 12 fill-in-the-blanks, first slide

Homework:
1) Vocab test on units 10-12 Thursday of next week (Feb 25)
2) Read chapter 7

Tuesday, February 16, 2010

Absent:
Ponk
Allie
Mae
Mint (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Review important passages from last week
2) Buddhism lecture
3) Start discussion of Chapter 4 worksheet

Homework:
1) Read chapter 5

EDLINE

February 15, 2010
Edline reports are wrong. I will check them tomorrow.

Friday, February 12, 2010

Absent:
Mrs. Robin
Allie
Ponk
Shirley

In-Class Activities:
1) Read chapter 4 in No Way Out
2) No Way Out Chapter 4 worksheet - complete in class and turn in to the homework bin

Homework
1) Write a timeline of the book chapters 1-4. Include at least 15 "unique events."

Thursday, February 11, 2010

Absent:
Allie
Bank
Jung
Mint
Ponk

In-Class Activities:
1) No Way Out reading quiz
2) No Way Out discussion of key passages
3) Introduce vocabulary words

Homework:
1) Vocabulary Unit 12
2) No Way Out passages

Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Absent:
Mrs. Robin
Allie

In-Class Activities:
1) Vocabulary Review Unit 10-12 and Cumulative Review - skip p. 140

Homework:
1) Finish vocab
2) Read through chapter 3 of No Way Out. Be prepared for a reading quiz.

Friday, February 5, 2010

Absent:
Tip
Top
Ponk
Jolly
Yongwoon
Rahul
Kyle


In-Class Activities:
1) Vocab quiz unit 11
2) Distribute No Way Out
3) Read Chapters 1 & 2 and write a brief summary, character description, setting

Homework:
1) Vocabulary unit 12
2) Finish paragraph (see entry for last class for details)

Thursday, February 4, 2010

Absent:
Tip
Top
Jung
Mambo
Mae
Rahul
Kyle
Ponk (late)
Catherine (late)
Allie (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Vocabulary Review Game (fill-in-the-blank game) on unit 11 words
2) Powerpoint on summarizing & thesis statement (Little Red Riding Hood/Goldilocks & Practice - see slideshow below)

Beautiful Thesis Statement

3) Explain homework

Homework:
1) Read & take notes on "Using Source Materials Effectively"
2) Read the section called "Selfishness and Suffering" under "Five Fundamental Concepts" on the webpage from Mahidol University on Buddhism. (If you want to print it and are having difficulty with the fonts, I changed fonts & saved it as a pdf available here.)
3) Using what you learned from "Using Source Materials Effectively" please write a short paragraph about Mahidol University's section on "Selfishness and Suffering."

• Include a topic sentence in your paragraph.
  
• Use at least one of the strategies in "Using Source Materials Effectively."
  
• Do not plagiarize.
  
• You will need a citation, which means you also need a works cited. Please see easybib.com to help with your citation if you need help. You will use an entry for a webpage.
• Type this in MLA style (1 inch margins, headers, etc... as you did for your paper on Zen) and submit to turnitin.com.
  
• Remember, this is only one paragraph, not an entire paper or essay. It should be no more than ten sentences.
  
• Due Tuesday, February 9.

4) Vocab quiz unit 11 on Friday.

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

Absent:
Mrs. Robin
Peace (ROTC)
Tip (ROTC)
Top (ROTC)
Allie

Homework:
1) Vocab unit 11 quiz this Friday

In-Class Activities
I'm absent, so I'm teaching by blog & powerpoint today.

Here are the handouts that you need for today's work.
1) Read Vendam article online
2) Vedantam Essay by Mrs. Robin
3) The questions for these handouts are at the end of the presentation bellow

I've got a powerpoint for you with directions embedded in this page. You will need to appoint someone to be the clicker to click through it. Please choose that person through a long democratic process. You'll need elections, ballots, campaigns, etc.... Just kidding, of course. Choose the person who is the best at using the mouse. :)

Work through the powerpoint below. You can make it full screen. All the directions are there.

Your only homework is to study for vocab unit 11 quiz on Friday. If you did not bring a hard copy of your paragraph, please bring it for the next class. Also please be sure that you sent your assignment to turnitin.com.

And now, here's your presentation.....

Lesson For Tuesday Feb 2

Friday, January 29, 2010

Turnitin.com enrollment password must be a lower-case n in nectar

Absent:
Mambo
Sarah
Jolly
Mae
Jung
Rahul (late)

In-Class Activities:
1) Vocabulary Quiz
2) "This American Life"
3) Vocabulary Unit 11

Homework:
1) Vocabulary Unit 11
2) Paragraph on Zen Buddhism & Wang Wei

Thursday, January 28, 2010

Absent:
Jung
Kyle

In-Class Activities
1)Finish going over Zen posters, noting common knowledge
2) Read poetry on p. 230
3) Talk about koans (read samples)
4) Talk about elements of Wang Wei that are like koans
5) Slideshow on using direct quotes

Outside Sources Direct Quotes

View more presentations from MrsRobin.

Homework:
1) Write one paragraph (15 - 20 sentences) on Wang Wei & Zen (how are his poems like koans?). Use the Yang article. Turn it in to turnitin.com and as hard copy. Specific directions here. Due next Tuesday. (ROTC boys have one extra week to complete the assignment.)
2) Vocab quiz on unit 10 tomorrow.

Tuesday, January 26, 2010

Absent:
Wanissa
Mambo

In-Class Activities:
1) Vocabulary - go over answers to unit 10
2) Vocabulary - unit 10 Bingo
3) Plagiarism - paraphrasing worksheet
4) Review notes from last week on Zen Buddhism, looking for "common knowledge"

Homework:
1) Vocabulary unit 10 quiz on Friday

Thursday, January 21, 2010

Absent:
Catherine
Mambo
Wanissa

In-Class Activities
1) Vocabulary Unit 9 Quiz
2) Research activities - take notes on Zen Buddhism in pairs

Homework:
1) Vocabulary Unit 10
2) Vocabulary review unit 7-9

Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Absent:
Perada

In-Class Activities:
1. Vocabulary unit 9 review fill-in-the-blank questions
2. Slideshow on Research - evaluating resources & what is plagiarism
3. Read p. 229 in textbook & take notes on Ch'an Buddhism

Homework:
1. Vocabulary quiz on unit 9 tomorrow

Monday, January 18, 2010

Absent:
Catherine (late)
Ponk

In-class activities:
1. Review answers to vocabulary unit 9
2. Fill-in-the-blank powerpoint activity with words from unit 9
3. Read & answer questions on lit book p. 217 - 226. Use powerpoint presentation below.

Chinese golden age of Poetry

Homework:
1. Vocab quiz on unit 9 on Thursday
2. Read p. 228-231

Thursday, January 14, 2010

Absent:

Jung
Tip
Top
Peace
Mary
Allie

In-class activities:
1. Vocabulary unit 8 quiz
2. Reading about Taoism on p. 209-209
3. Introduce unit 9 words. Do "Completing the Sentence" in class.

Homework:
1. Vocabulary unit 9 due Monday2.
2. Review the answers to the "Tao Te Ching" homework. They can be found in the following presentation:

Tao Te Ching

Wednesday, January 13, 2010

Absent:

• Mary
• Mae

In-class activities:

1. Collect homework
2. Read pages 212 & 213 on Confucius & Confucianism. Group quiz activity for participation points.
3. Read "Analects" on p. 214 & 215. Paraphrase. Class discussion.
4. Vocabulary - review answers to unit 8.
   
5. Vocabulary - make flashcards for unit 8.

Homework:

1. Vocab quiz on unit 8 tomorrow.
2. Read p. 217-221.
   

Monday, January 11, 2010

Absent:

• Jung
• Mary
• Mae
• Ponk

In-class activities:

• Review new syllabus - highlight class participation points, absentee policies, missing work, new website
  
• Overview of second semester: Chinese/Japanese poetry (grey book), No Way Out (novel), research paper (will count as final exam, due before spring break), A Thousand Splendid Suns.
• Introductory reading & questions for Chinese poetry.
  
• Work on questions on introductory material. Review answers.
• Read "Tao Te Ching" together.
  

Homework:

• Vocab unit 8 due next class. Quiz on Thursday.
  
• Finish introductory questions
• Read "Tao Te Ching" p. 210 - 211. Do "Interpreting" questions 1-4 and "Understanding Taoism" questions 1-3, to be handed in.
  
• Complete survey - Here is the link for the survey to help me find out about how many days I can expect you to be absent.

Updated Syllabus for Second Semester

Here is a copy of your syllabus updated for second semester. Please pay attention to the section on class participation grade, absences and make-up work.